class 12 political science notes Chapter-3 Politics of Planned Development Notes pdf
Chapter-3
Politics of Planned Development
1. Due to rising Global Demand for Iron, the reserved Iron-resource of Orissa has been an
important investment destination to be signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU)
to bring in capital investment and employment opportunities. Some conflicts arose in
Orissa like tribal population feared to be displaced from home and environmentalists
became worried about environmental pollution.
2. 'Development' refers to process of living standard and attaining an economic level of
industrial production. Immediately after independence, the Indian government took up
the tasks of poverty attenuation, social and economic redistribution and development of
agriculture.
3. Before independence, the need for planning was felt to set up National Planning
Committee in 1930s to collect data and setting aims as well as opted for five year plans
and annual budget.
4. Planning is a systematic regulation of purposeful activity to achieve national goals. India
was inspired by USSR for planning to provide basic necessities of life i.e. advanced
education, medical care and technological skills. 'Bombay Plan' was drafted in 1944 to
make the states to take major initiatives in industrial and other economic investments.
5. The Planning Commission of India was set up in 1950 as an 'Extra-constitutional body'
alongwith Prime Minister as its chairman, ministers incharge and some other members
to be advisory in nature. It helps to reduce the wastage of time and increase the per
capita income.
6. The first five year plan, commenced in 1951, drafted by economist KN. Roy aiming at
investment in dams and irrigation, land reforms and to raise the level of National
Income. It differed from second five year plans which stressed on heavy industries by
bringing about quick structural transformation.
7. India did not only follow capitalist or socialist economy but adopted mixed economy to
co-exist private and public sector also, to attain rapid economic development aiming at
social welfare and private owned means of production to be regulated by the state.
8. Second five year plan emphasised on heavy industrialisation even in rural areas, being
criticised for the creation of prosperity in urban and industrial sections at the cost of
rural welfare. It was argued also on the ground to be a failure not that of policy but of its
non-implementation of politics of land owning classes.
9. During the planning period, the Agrarian sector witnessed a serious attempt at land
reforms to abolish Zamindari system, consolidate the lands. These were not much
successful due to some drawbacks i.e. people violated laws under considerable political
influence and some laws remained only on papers.
10. Between 1965 and 1967, severe droughts occurred in many parts of country and it was in
Bihar to feel a famine situation. On the other hand food prices also hit a high in Bihar and
due to government's policy of zoning, trade of food across states was prohibited, which
reduced the availability of food in Bihar.
11. The Green Revolution emphasised on new strategies of agricultural practice to be offered
by government i.e. high yielding variety of seeds, fertilizers, pesticide better irrigation at
highly subsidised prices. Green Revolution produced favourable conditions for poor
peasants and made the 'Middle Peasant Sections' politically influential Green Revolution
had some negative effects also i.e. it created a gap between landlords and poor and it
delivered only a moderate agricultural growth.
12. In 1970 the rural development programme called Operation Flood was started.Operation
Flood oragnised cooperatives of milk producers into a nationwide milk grid,with the
purpose of increasing milk production,bringing the produces and consumer closer by
eliminating middlemene and assuring the producers a regular income throughout the
year.
13. The 'White Revolution' in Gujarat was started by Varghese Kurien known as the Milkman
of India'. He launched Gujarat Cooperative Milk and Marketing Federation Ltd., which
further launched 'Amul'. The Amul pattern became a uniquely appropriate model for
rural development and poverty alleviation which came to be known as white revolution.
14. The Kerala model was based on 'Decentralised Planning' to focus on education, health,
land reforms, effective food distribution and poverty alleviations taken initiative to
involve people in making plans at panchayat, blocs and district level.
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